write:bTwoinstancesareofPresident-electKennedy. cExamplesofMrPresidentarefoundonlyinthecorpus alwaysinavocativecontext. useful intheeraofever-expandinginformationsources asth

JohnF.Kennedy:GeorgeBush:(c)Mr+surnameMr.Eisenhower
Mr.Kennedy:MrBush:(d)Presidentb+surnamePresidentEisenhower/Kennedy:PresidentBush:(e)the/MrPresidentcthePresident:the/MrPresident:TOTALaIn
Þrstforename+initial(JohnF.)arealwaysusedforKennedy.ThereisnosuchusageinthecaseofGeorgeBush.bTwoinstancesareofPresident-electKennedy.cExamplesofMrPresidentarefoundonlyinthecorpus
alwaysinavocativecontext.useful
intheeraofever-expandinginformationsources
astheytypicallylinkanexplicitdescriptivephrase(e.g.theWorldHealthOrganization)toabriefname(WHO).Whyshouldreferencestonamedpeopleincreasesogreatly?Withoutfur-therstudy
onecanonlyspeculate;butoneobvioussuggestionisthatmodernWesternsocietiesplaceincreasingemphasisontheidentityandpersonhoodoftheindividual.Inthepublicsphere
thistrendtowardsindividualizationmanifestsitself
forexample
inadhominempartypoliticsandthecultofpersonality.OnesidelightonthisincreaseofpersonalnamesisprovidedbythedataforexpressionsreferringtothepresidentoftheUnitedStatesinthetwoAmeri-cancorpora.In
PresidentGeorgeBush(Senior)heldofÞcethroughout
butinPresidentEisenhowergaveplacetoPresidentKennedy
sobothpresidentsÕnameswillbeconsidered.InTable.
theinterestliesmainlyinrow(a)
wheretheplainpropernameBushinisfarmorefrequentthanitsequivalentin
androw(e)
wherethehonoriÞctitlealone(thePresident)
countedasacommonnoun
isfarmorefrequentin.Anotherfactorthatbooststhefrequencyofpropernamesinthemorerecentcorpusisthegreateruseofforename+surnameÐbothpropernounsÐinrow(b)
incontrasttothediminishinguseofMr+surnameÐwherethereisonlyonepropernounÐinrow(c).WhatweappeartoobserveisaloweringofthehonoriÞcstatusofpresidentialreferences(seesection..onÔdemoc-ratizationÕ).Theconsequenceofallthisisthatthedatayieldonlypropernounsthatidentifytheincumbentpresident
whereasthedatayield..NounsequencesandotherjuxtapositionsWenowpursueanothertrainofthoughtonthetextualdensityofnouns.Ifthereisanincreasinguseofnounsinthenounphrase
partofthereason

 

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